How to Test for Bad Memory (RAM)
Bad memory can manifest itself in anything from frequent error messages and crashes to your system simply not starting. Errors in your computers memory (RAM) aren't always consistent, either; they can be intermittent and can get worse over time.
Problems due to using the wrong kind of memory are not uncommon; to find out which type of memory you should use, consult the documentation that accompanies your computer or motherboard. If you have no such literature, check the web site of the computer or motherboard manufacturer and find out for sure before you just jam something in there. Odds are, your friends old memory modules not only won't work in your system, but they're probably responsible for that burning smell, too.
The first thing you should do is pull out each memory module and make sure there isn't any dust or other obstruction between the pins and your motherboard (use a dry tissue or lens-cleaning paper; don't use any liquids or solvents). Look for broken or bent sockets, metal filings or other obstructions, and, of course, any smoke or burn marks. Make sure all your modules are seated properly; they should snap into place and should be level and firm (don't break them testing their firmness, of course).
If all that is in order, there are three ways to determine whether your RAM is actually faulty. The first way is to rely on your PC to do it for you; check your BIOS setting that disables "quick start," which is necessary to perform a full memory test each time you boot your PC.
The second is to use the Windows Memory Diagnostic Tool.
The third method of testing for bad memory is to go to your local computer store and just buy more. It may only be necessary to buy a single additional module, because most likely only one module in your system is actually faulty (make sure you get the right kind). Next, systematically replace each module in your computer with the one you've just acquired, and test the system by turning it on.
If the problem seems to be resolved, you've most likely found the culprit - throw it out immediately. If the system still crashes, try replacing the next module with the new one, and repeat the process. If you replace all the memory in your system and the problem persists, there may be more than one faulty memory module, or the problem may lie elsewhere, such as a bad CPU or motherboard (or you may even find that you're not using the correct memory in the first place).
You can, of course, also take this opportunity to add more memory to your system (possibly replacing all your existing modules). Adding memory is one of the best ways to improve overall system performance.
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