Ubuntu includes a software called readahead that, according to the official blurb, "allows the user to specify a set of files to be read into the page cache to accelerate first time loading of programs".
AHCI is the acronym for the Advanced Host Controller Interface. It is a new interface specification that allows the SATA controller driver to support advanced features like Native Command Queuing and Hot Plug.
NdisWrapper is effectively an open-source driver (technically described as a kernel module) that allows Linux to use standard Windows XP drivers for wireless network devices. You might describe NdisWrapper as being a translation layer between the Linux kernel andthe Windows drivers, which can be installed using NdisWrapper's configuration tools.
Some problems might arise before you even boot Ubuntu's live distro mode in order to run the installation program. This article addresses such issues.
There are a whole bunch of possible BSoD messages; probably more than a hundred. However, only about 20 happen frequently enough that they might imply that an actual problem exists. More than likely, you've seen atleast one of the following stop messages on your own system.